APA Citation Resources

APA Web Guide

Web documents have many of the same elements as print, but may not have page numbers, publication dates, or authors. It is important to state whatever information you have. For help with items that have missing elements visit the APA webpage Missing reference information

Overview

Provide as much of the following information as possible, including any volume or issue numbers for online periodicals:

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Title of document. Title of Complete Work, xx, pp-pp. https://doi.org/xx.xxxxxxxxxx
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Title of document. Title of Complete Work, xx, pp-pp. https://xxx.xxx

Do not include retrieval dates unless the source material may change over time (e.g., wikis).

Databases
Citing Articles from Electronic Databases

Include the author(s), year, title of the article, journal name, volume (issue), page number(s), DOI, or give the URL for the journal’s homepage. There is no need to include retrieval date or database name.

A DOI (digital object identifier) is a unique alphanumeric string which acts as a document’s persistent link to its location on the Internet. For more on DOI visit Crossref and doi.org.
- Author, A. A. (year). Title of article. Title of periodical, xx, pp-pp. https://doi.org/xx.xxxxxxxxxx
- Author, A. A. (year). Title of article. Title of periodical, xx, pp-pp. https://www.xxxxxxx
Article With a DOI
- Fox, R., Corretjer, O., & Webb, K. (2019). Benefits of foreign language learning and bilingualism: An analysis of published empirical research 2012–2019. Foreign Language Annals, 52(4), 699–726. https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.12424
Article Without a DOI
- Casper, V., & Ryan, S. (2019). Infant toddler care and education: Speaking up for young children and their caregivers. Occasional Paper Series, 42, 4-10. https://educate.bankstreet.edu/occasional-paper-series/vol2019/iss42/15/
Maps

Google Maps

Google. (n.d.). [Google map directions for driving from Bank Street College of Education to The Interchurch Center, New York, NY.]. Retrieved February 7, 2020, from https://goo.gl/maps/YwyMWE6P8A5RYieR6

Dynamically created maps, e.g., Google, do not have titles, so describe the map in square brackets, and include a retrieval date.

Online Maps

New York City Campaign Finance Board. (n.d.). Individual contributions to participating 2017 candidates [Map]. Retrieved February 7, 2020 from http://bit.ly/3bjvIlz

Use a URL shortener like bit.ly when the original URL is long and cumbersome.
Newspapers
Online Newspaper

Give the URL of the article, either the full link, (or a link for sharing).
- Bonisteel, S. (2020, March 24). The best canned tomatoes. The New York Times. https://nyti.ms/33GcHq8p
- Weiner, J. (2019, September 27). The primal thrill of a cherry tomato. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/27/opinion/gardening.html
Print

Give the exact date of the article. If it appears on discontinuous pages, give all page numbers, and separate the numbers with a comma (e.g, B1, B3, B5–B7).
- Burns, A., & Martin, J. (2020, March 22). Mistakes and internal strife hobbled Sanders campaign. The New York Times, A1, A23.
- Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects economic, social status. The Washington Post, A1, A4.
News Websites

These are websites that act like a newspaper but do not have a print version, e.g., BBC News, Fox News, HuffPost. Note that the article’s title is italicized.

Simon, K. (2020, March 20). Parents: It’s ok if you’re barely getting by right now. HuffPost. https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/newspaper-article-references
Online Journals
Online Journal Only
- Yerrick, R., & Johnson, J. (2009). Meeting the needs of middle grade science learners through pedagogical and technological intervention. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 9(3). https://citejournal.org/volume-9/issue-3-09/science/meeting-the-needs-of-middle-grade-science-learners-through-pedagogical-and-technological-intervention

Websites

Web Page Components
Here is the pattern for creating a web page citation.

Author

Date

Title

Source

Website name

URL

Author a. A., & Author B. B.

Name of Group

(2020).

(2020, August).

(2020, September 28).

(n.d.).

Title of work

Site name

https://xxxxxx

Retrieved December 22, 2020, from https://xxxxxx

Website as a Whole

If you are referring to a website in its entirety, just refer to the name and website’s homepage address in the text of your paper. There is no need for a reference list entry.

The Bank Street website is a good resource for graduate students and prospective parents (https://www.bankstreet.edu/).
Barack Obama uses Twitter (https://twitter.com/BarackObama) to keep followers up to speed on his initiatives.

Part of a Website

Museum of Modern Art. (n.d.). The collection. MoMA. https://www.moma.org/collection/

Cite in your text (Museum of Modern Art, n.d.)

Part of a Website, No Author

If there appears to be no author, look under the About tab on a website and try to find out, or infer the author. When the author and the site name are the same, omit the site name from the source element.

Autism Speaks. (2020, February 20). Autism Speaks endorses sleep guidelines for children with autism. https://www.autismspeaks.org/science-news/autism-speaks-endorses-sleep-guidelines-children-autism

Cite in your text (Autism Speaks, 2020)

YouTube Videos
Screen Names

These are an important part of YouTube videos. Include them in your citation, and leave them as they appear online (i.e., don’t change case). Include the year and date a video was posted (not the date it was viewed).

Screen name. (year, month day). Title of video [Video]. Streaming service. http://xxxxx
- Bank Street College of Education. (2020, February 10). Beyond the classroom at Bank Street School for Children.
  [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/GAQQuYHELjs
Author Names

If there is an author’s name include it along with the screen name in square brackets.

Author, A. A. [screen name]. (year, month day). Title of video [Video]. Streaming service. http://xxxxx
- Schrock, A. [AndrewSchrock]. (2020, March 3). Father son skateboarding! / First real drop in!
  [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/j6VxQiilNe0
Whenever you can, use the author’s real name. When this is not possible, use the screen name. The above example would be cited in-text as (Schrock, 2020).